Published Online:August 22, 2012https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20120822-01
- 1.Hallek M, Bergsagel PL, Anderson KC. Multiple myeloma: increasing evidence for a multistep transformation process. Blood. 1998; 91(1):3–21. Crossref Medline, Google Scholar
- 2.Landis SH, Murray T, Bolden S, Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 1998; 48(1):6–29.
10.3322/canjclin.48.1.6 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 3.Durie BG. The role of anatomic and functional staging in myeloma: description of Durie/Salmon plus staging system. Eur J Cancer. 2006; 42(11):1539–1543.
10.1016/j.ejca.2005.11.037 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 4.Selvanayagam P, Alexanian R. Plasma cell myeloma—new biological insights and advances in therapy. Blood. 1989; 73(4):865–879. Crossref Medline, Google Scholar
- 5.Niesvizky R, Warrell RP. Pathophysiology and management of bone disease in multiple myeloma. Cancer Invest. 1997; 15(1):85–90.
10.3109/07357909709018921 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 6.Buxbaum J. Mechanisms of disease: monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition. Amyloidosis, light chain deposition disease, and light and heavy chain deposition disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1992; 6(2):323–346. Crossref Medline, Google Scholar
- 7.Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003; 78(1):21–33.
10.4065/78.1.21 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 8.Sawyer JR, Waldron JA, Jagannath S, Cytogenetic findings in 200 patients with multiple myeloma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1995; 82(1):41–49.
10.1016/0165-4608(94)00284-I Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 9.Fechtner K, Hillengass J, Delorme S, Staging monoclonal plasma cell disease: comparison of the Durie-Salmon and the Durie-Salmon PLUS staging systems. Radiology. 2010; 257(1):195–204.
10.1148/radiol.10091809 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 10.Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E, Michalis E, The International Scoring System (ISS) for multiple myeloma remains a robust prognostic tool independently of patients’ renal function. Ann Oncol. 2012; 23:722–729.
10.1093/annonc/mdr276 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 11.Collins C. Multiple myeloma. In: , eds. Imaging of Oncology. 3rd ed. Essex, United Kingdom: Informa UK Ltd; 2010:851–869. Google Scholar
- 12.Dinter DJ, Neff WK, Klaus J, Comparison of whole-body MR imaging and conventional x-ray examination in patients with multiple myeloma and implications for therapy. Ann Hematol. 2009; 88(5):457–464.
10.1007/s00277-008-0621-6 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 13.Mahnken AH, Wildberger JE, Gehbauer G, Multidetector CT of the spine in multiple myeloma: comparison with MR imaging and radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002; 178(6):1429–1436. Crossref Medline, Google Scholar
- 14.Baur-Melnyk A, Buhmann S, Dürr HR, Reiser M. Role of MRI for the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple myeloma. Eur J Radiol. 2005; 55(1):56–63.
10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.01.017 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 15.Horger M, Weisel K, Horger W, Mroue A, Fenchel M, Lichy M. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping for early response monitoring in multiple myeloma: preliminary results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011; 196(6):W790–W795.
10.2214/AJR.10.5979 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 16.Sommer G, Klarhöfer M, Lenz C, Scheffler K, Bongartz G, Winter L. Signal characteristics of focal bone marrow lesions in patients with multiple myeloma using whole body T1w-TSE, T2w-STIR and diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression. Eur Radiol. 2011; 21:857–862.
10.1007/s00330-010-1950-0 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 17.Lütje S, de Rooy JW, Croockewit S. Role of radiography, MRI and FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing, staging and therapeutical evaluation of patients with multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol. 2009; 88(12):1161–1168.
10.1007/s00277-009-0829-0 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 18.Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA. Whole-body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009; 192(4):980–986.
10.2214/AJR.08.1633 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 19.Sacchi S, Marcheselli R, Lazzaro A, A randomized trial with melphalan and prednisone versus melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients not eligible for autologous stem cell transplant. Leuk Lymphoma. 2011; 52(10):1942–1948.
10.3109/10428194.2011.584006 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 20.Richardson PG, Weller E, Lonial S, Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2010; 116(5):679–686.
10.1182/blood-2010-02-268862 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 21.Ahn JS, Yang DH, Jung SH, A comparison of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (Vel-CD) chemotherapy without and with thalidomide (Vel-CTD) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol. 2012; 91(7):1023–1030.
10.1007/s00277-012-1420-7 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 22.Hutchison CA, Bradwell AR, Cook M. Treatment of acute renal failure secondary to multiple myeloma with chemotherapy and extended high cutoff hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009; 4(4):745–754.
10.2215/CJN.04590908 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 23.Facon T, Mary JY, Pégourie B, Dexamethasone-based regimens versus melphalanprednisone for elderly multiple myeloma patients ineligible for high-dose therapy. Blood. 2006; 107(4):1292–2198.
10.1182/blood-2005-04-1588 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 24.Terpos E. Bisphosphonate anticancer activity in multiple myeloma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2012; 12(2):129–136. Crossref Medline, Google Scholar
- 25.Oken MM, Pomeroy C, Weisdorf D. Prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of early infection in multiple myeloma. Am J Med. 1996; 100(6):624–628.
10.1016/S0002-9343(95)00043-7 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar - 26.Chang SA, Lee SS, Ueng SW, Yuan LJ, Shih CH. Surgical treatment for pathological long bone fracture in patients with multiple myeloma: a retrospective analysis of 22 cases. Chang Gung Med J. 2001; 24(5):300–306. Medline, Google Scholar
- 27.Hrabálek L, Bacovský J, Scudla V, Wamek T, Kalita O. Multiple spinal myeloma and its surgical management. Rozhl Chir. 2011; 90(5):270–276. Medline, Google Scholar
- 28.Pflugmacher R, Schulz A, Schroeder RJ, Schaser KD, Klostermann CK, Melcher I. A prospective two-year follow-up of thoracic and lumbar osteolytic vertebral fractures caused by multiple myeloma treated with balloon kyphoplasty. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2007; 145(1):39–47.
10.1055/s-2007-960502 Crossref Medline, Google Scholar
