Skip to main content
Journal of Nursing Education, 2015;54(10):550–558
Cite this articlePublished Online:https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20150916-02Cited by:16

Abstract

Background:

The study aim was to develop and psychometrically assess an instrument to measure baccalaureate nursing students’ self-efficacy for practice competence. Social cognitive theory includes the construct of self-efficacy and supports this study.

Method:

Before the Nursing Competence Self-Efficacy Scale (NCSES) was administered to senior nursing students (N = 252), nursing experts in research, practice, instrument development, and psychometrics participated in a two-step validation process consisting of two reviews. Construct validity assessments included content, face, contrasting groups, criterion, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The chosen EFA solution consisted of 22 items, each moderately or highly loaded by one of four factors deemed to be interpretable and parsimonious.

Results:

The initial psychometric assessment of the NCSES supported construct validity, internal consistency reliability (.919), and test–retest stability reliability (r = .831).

Conclusion:

With further psychometric assessment, the NCSES can be useful to evaluate new curriculum interventions aimed at increasing students’ self-efficacy for comprehensive practice competence. [J Nurs Educ. 2015;54(10):550–558.]

  • Aday L.A., Cornelius L.J. (2006). Designing and conducting health surveys: A comprehensive guide (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    > Google Scholar
  • Bandura A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    > Google Scholar
  • Bandura A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117–148.10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bandura A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In , Ramachaudran V.S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (pp. 71–81). New York, NY: Academic Press.

    > Google Scholar
  • Bandura A. (2004). Swimming against the mainstream: The early years from chilly tributary to transformative mainstream. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 613–630.10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.001

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Bandura A. (2005). The primacy of self-regulation in health promotion. Applied Psychology, 54, 245–254.10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00208.x

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bandura A. (2006). Guide for creating self-efficacy scales. In , Pajares F., Urdan T. (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307–337) Information Age Publishing.

    > Google Scholar
  • Benner P., Sutphen M., Leonard V., Day L. (2010). Educating nurses. A call for radical transformation. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass.

    > Google Scholar
  • Betz N.E., Taylor K.M. (1994). Manual for the career decision-making self-efficacy scale. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.

    > Google Scholar
  • Black J., Allen D., Redfern L., Muzio L., Rushowick B., Balaski B., Round B. (2008). Competencies in the context of entry-level registered nurse practice: A collaborative project in Canada. International Nursing Review, 55, 171–178.10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00626.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Brown S.T., Kirkpatrick M.K., Mangum D., Avery J. (2008). A review of narrative pedagogy strategies to transform traditional nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 47, 283–286.10.3928/01484834-20080601-01

    > LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Burns N., Grove S.K. (2009). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier.

    > Google Scholar
  • Burton L.J., Mazerolle S.M. (2011). Survey instrument validity part I: Principles of survey instrument development and validation in athletic training education research. Athletic Training Education Journal, 6, 27–35.

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Canadian Institution for Health Information. (1999). Roadmap initiative... Launching the process. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Author. Retrieved from https://www.cihi.ca/en/profile_roadmap_launch_pdf_en.pdf

    > Google Scholar
  • Canadian Nurses Association. (2007). Framework for the practice of registered nurses in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Author.

    > Google Scholar
  • Chang Y.H., Li H.H., Wu C.M., Wang P.C. (2010). The influence of personality traits on nurses’ job satisfaction in Taiwan. International Nursing Review, 57, 478–484.10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00825.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Chen G., Gully S.M., Eden D. (2001). Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4, 62–83.10.1177/109442810141004

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cheraghi F., Hassani P., Yaghmaei F., Alavi-Majed H. (2009). Developing a valid and reliable self-efficacy in clinical performance scale. International Nursing Review, 56, 214–221.10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00685.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • College of Registered Nurses of Nova Scotia. (2013). Entry-level competencies for registered nurses in Nova Scotia. Halifax, NS: Author. Retrieved from http://crnns.ca/practice-standards/entry-level-competencies/rn-entry-level-competencies/

    > Google Scholar
  • Corpus Sanchez International Consultancy. (2007). Changing Nova Scotia’s healthcare system: Creating sustainability through transformation: System-level findings and overall directions for change from the provincial health services operational review (PHSOR): Final report December 2007. Halifax, NS: Department of Health, Province of Nova Scotia.

    > Google Scholar
  • Costello A.B., Osborne J.W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10, 173–178.

    > Google Scholar
  • Duchscher J.E.B. (2009). Transition shock: The initial stage of role adaptation for newly graduated registered nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65, 1103–1113.10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04898.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Duttweiler P.C. (1984). The internal control index: A newly developed measure of locus of control. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 209–221.10.1177/0013164484442004

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Eggertson L. (2011). Targeted: The impact of bullying, and what needs to be done to eliminate it. Canadian Nurse, 107(6), 16–20.

    > MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Flesch R. (1948). A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32, 221–233.10.1037/h0057532

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Frei A., Savarin A., Steurer-Stey C., Puhan M. (2009). Self-efficacy instruments for patients with chronic diseases suffer from methodological limitations—A systematic review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 7, 86.10.1186/1477-7525-7-86

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Galyon C.E., Blondin C.A., Yaw J.S., Nalls M.L., Williams R.L. (2012). The relationship of academic self-efficacy to class participation and exam performance. Social Psychology of Education, 15, 233–249.10.1007/s11218-011-9175-x

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gibbons C. (2010). Stress, coping and burn-out in nursing students. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 1299–1309.10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.015

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Gorsuch R.L. (2003). Factor analysis. In , Weiner I.B., Schinka J.A., Velicer W.F. (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, research methods in psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 143–163). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    > Google Scholar
  • Hoaglin D.C., Iglewicz B. (1987). Fine-tuning some resistant rules for outlier labeling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82, 1147–1149.10.1080/01621459.1987.10478551

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jacobs B.B., Fontana J.S., Kehoe M.H., Matarese C., Chinn P.L. (2005). An emancipatory study of contemporary nursing practice. Nursing Outlook, 53, 6–14.10.1016/j.outlook.2004.04.015

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Kravits K., McAllister-Black R., Grant M., Kirk C. (2010). Self-care strategies for nurses: A psycho-educational intervention for stress reduction and the prevention of burnout. Applied Nursing Research, 23, 130–138.10.1016/j.apnr.2008.08.002

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Lauder W., Holland K., Roxburgh M., Topping K., Watson R., Johnson M., Behr A. (2008). Measuring competence, self-reported competence and self-efficacy in pre-registration students. Nursing Standard, 22 (20), 35–43.10.7748/ns2008.01.22.20.35.c6316

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Lee T.W., Ko Y.K. (2010). Effects of self-efficacy, affectivity and collective efficacy on nursing performance of hospital nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66, 839–848.10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05244.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Lynn M.R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35, 382.10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • MacDonald P., Paunonen S.V. (2002). A Monte Carlo comparison of item and person statistics based on item response theory versus classical test theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62, 921–943.10.1177/0013164402238082

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Maddalena V., Crupi A. (2008). Nouvel appel à l’action: Rapport de synthèse sur la pénurie de personnel infirmier au Canada [A renewed call for action: A synthesis report on the nursing shortage in Canada]. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions.

    > Google Scholar
  • Margolis H., McCabe P.P. (2004). Self-efficacy: A key to improving the motivation of struggling learners. The Clearing House, 77, 241–249.10.3200/TCHS.77.6.241-249

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • McLaughlin K., Moutray M., Muldoon O.T. (2008). The role of personality and self-efficacy in the selection and retention of successful nursing students: A longitudinal study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61, 211–221.10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04492.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Meyers L.S., Wong D.T. (1988). Validation of a new test of locus of control: The internal control index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48, 753–761.10.1177/0013164488483024

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • O’Brien-Pallas L., Murphy G.T., Shamian J., Li X., Hayes L.J. (2010). Impact and determinants of nurse turnover: A pan-Canadian study. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 1073–1086.10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01167.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Oetker-Black S.L., Kreye J., Underwood S., Price A., DeMetro N. (2014). Psychometric evaluation of the Clinical Skills Self-Efficacy Scale. Nursing Education Perspectives, 35, 253–256.10.5480/11-739.1

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Pajares F. (2001). Toward a positive psychology of academic motivation. The Journal of Educational Research, 95, 27–35.10.1080/00220670109598780

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pajares F., Johnson M.J., Usher E.L. (2007). Sources of writing self-efficacy beliefs of elementary, middle, and high school students. Research in the Teaching of English, 42, 104–120.

    > Google Scholar
  • Pajares F., Urdan T. (Eds.). (2006). Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

    > Google Scholar
  • Polit D.F., Tatano Beck C. (2008). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    > Google Scholar
  • Roche M., Diers D., Duffield C., Catling-Paull C. (2010). Violence toward nurses, the work environment, and patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42, 13–22.10.1111/j.1547-5069.2009.01321.x

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Scherbaum C.A., Cohen-Charash Y., Kern M.J. (2006). Measuring general self-efficacy. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 1047–1063.10.1177/0013164406288171

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Schwarzer R., Born A. (1997). Optimistic self-beliefs: Assessment of general perceived self-efficacy in thirteen cultures. World Psychology, 3, 177–190.

    > Google Scholar
  • Sébille V., Hardouin J.B., Le Néel T., Kubis G., Boyer F., Guillemin F., Falissard B. (2010). Methodological issues regarding power of classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT)-based approaches for the comparison of patient-reported outcomes in two groups of patients—A simulation study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10, 24.10.1186/1471-2288-10-24

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Sitzmann T., Ely K. (2011). A meta-analysis of self-regulated learning in work-related training and educational attainment: What we know and here we need to go. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 421–442.10.1037/a0022777

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Stajkovic A.D., Lee D., Nyberg A.J. (2009). Collective efficacy, group potency, and group performance: Meta-analyses of their relationships, and test of a mediation model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 814–828.10.1037/a0015659

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Streiner D.L. (2010). Measure for measure: New developments in measurement and item response theory. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, 180–186.

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Streiner D.L., Kottner J. (2014). Recommendations for reporting the results of studies of instrument and scale development and testing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70, 1970–1979.10.1111/jan.12402

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar
  • Streiner D.L., Norman G.R. (2008). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use (4th ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231881.001.0001

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Stump G.S. (2010). Development of a nursing student self-efficacy scale using item response theory. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3410709)

    > Google Scholar
  • Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Cranbury, NJ: Pearson.

    > Google Scholar
  • Townsend L., Scalan J.M. (2011). Self-efficacy related to student nurses in the clinical setting: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 8(1), Article 19.10.2202/1548-923X.2223

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Usher E.L., Pajares F. (2006). Sources of academic and self-regulatory efficacy beliefs of entering middle school students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31, 125–141.10.1016/j.cedpsych.2005.03.002

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • van Dinther M., Dochy F., Segers M. (2011). Factors affecting students’ self-efficacy in higher education. Educational Research Review, 6, 95–108.10.1016/j.edurev.2010.10.003

    > CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Zell E., Krizan Z. (2014). Do people have insight into their abilities? A metasynthesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9, 111–125.10.1177/1745691613518075

    > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar

We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. For a complete overview of all the cookies used, please see our privacy policy.

×