Abstract
A 14-day-old girl presented with bilateral hereditary retinoblastoma. At 3 months, a slight bend in the superotemporal arcade was observed to have developed into a venous loop. With concern for an occult lesion along the arcade, handheld optical coherence tomography (hhOCT) confirmed a small tumor and helped to guide prompt laser treatment while sparing the venous arcade. A venous loop is a previously unrecognized clinical finding that preceded the clinical detection and hhOCT confirmation of the tumor. The authors hypothesize that the venous loop was induced by pro-angiogenic factors secreted by the tumor. Portable hhOCT is a valuable adjunct imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of small retinoblastoma tumors.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:768–770.]
- 1.Saktanasate J, Vongkulsiri S, Khoo CT. Invisible retinoblastoma. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015; 133(7):e151123.
10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.1123 > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 2.Berry JL, Cobrinik D, Kim JW. Detection and Intraretinal localization of an ‘invisible’ retinoblastoma using optical coherence tomography. Ocul Oncol Pathol. 2016; 2(3):148–152.
10.1159/000442167 > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 3.Seider MI, Grewal DS, Mruthyunjaya P. Portable optical coherence tomography detection or confirmation of ophthalmoscopically invisible or indeterminate active retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016; 47(10):965–968.
10.3928/23258160-20161004-12 > LinkGoogle Scholar - 4.Pe'er J, Neufeld M, Baras M, Gnessin H, Itin A, Keshet E. Rubeosis iridis in retinoblastoma. Histologic findings and the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor in its induction. Ophthalmology. 1997; 104(8):1251–1258.
10.1016/S0161-6420(97)30150-X > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 5.Bergers G, Benjamin LE. Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003; 3(6):401–410.
10.1038/nrc1093 > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 6.Areán C, Orellana ME, Abourbih D, Abreu C, Pifano I, Burnier MN. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010; 128(2):223–229.
10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.386 > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 7.Kvanta A, Steen B, Seregard S. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma but not in posterior uveal melanoma. Exp Eye Res. 1996; 63(5):511–518.
10.1006/exer.1996.0141 > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 8.Aiello LP, Avery RL, Arrigg PG, Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331(22):1480–1487.
10.1056/NEJM199412013312203 > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 9.Adamis AP, Miller JW, Bernal MT, Increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994; 118(4):445–450.
10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75794-0 > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar - 10.Bek T. Venous loops and reduplications in diabetic retinopathy. Prevalence, distribution, and pattern of development. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999; 77(2):130–134.
10.1034/j.1600-0420.1999.770202.x > Crossref MedlineGoogle Scholar